Triban RC100 has these no name Dual Pivot (if got the terminology right).
I might have found an easier and cheaper option. On this reddit post: https://www.reddit.com/r/bicycling/comments/1266tr6/triban_rc100_sora_drivetrain_upgrade/?tl=fr They install a a Shimano Sora groupe with a 9 speed cassette on the stock rims, so I wondered if a Advent 1x9 or 1x10 would work.
Personally, I think you are probably stuck with Windows for now, since I imagine you really don’t want to learn a whole slew of new programs (that might or might not do everything you want) in my very uninformed opinion.
Internet connectivity should be mostly fine but that can depend on hardware sometimes.
Gaming is in general not a problem if you have Steam, Heroic, Lutris, Bottles and Protonup QT. But look into ProtonDB to see which runs and which doesn’t.
But for much of the professional software it will become a hassle. You could look into CrossOver by Codeweavers (a paid version of Wine) and see what compatability that brings. But for the most part I think you would probably have to setup a Windows Virtual Machine with GPU Passthrough.