Explanation: After WW2, many members of the Nazi military and political apparatus fled to Argentina, which was run by a fascist government, but had not joined the Axis (and thus remained standing after the war). To avoid being hunted down like the rabid dogs they were, they generally changed their names and identities and attempted to keep a low profile.

Many Nazi scientists, on the other hand, had better prospects ahead of them - as the Nazis focused a great deal of resources on military applications of scientific fields, particularly rocketry (which was not highly prioritized by the Allied governments in WW2), and the Cold War was revving up, a mixture of “They were just apolitical scientists!” and “We’re going to ignore all this slave labor they signed off on” got a large number of Nazi scientists free tickets to comfortable Western countries, particularly the US through Operation Paperclip. And what Cold War drama would be complete without the mirror effort of the opposing side, in the Soviet Operation Osoaviakhim?

In the admittedly weak defence of the Nazi scientists, many of them weren’t ideologically dedicated Nazis, but ordinary academics who allowed their work to be pressed into service of an abominable cause out of fear or apathy. Some claimed (perhaps truthfully) to have ‘slow-walked’ research; others that they just kept their heads down like good little obedient pawns to avoid getting shot.

Werner Von Braun in particular should’ve gotten a noose and not a position at NASA, though.

What about the Scientists who ended up in the U.S.S.R.?