How should I start?

Why should I start?

Take a community college introduction course.

It’s only partially good to read the big texts, but it is useless if you don’t know how to understand them in broader connections.

Philosophy 101

This is the first video of ten parts which is an entire Uni level philosophy 101.

It has a good grounding of all the important philosophical works and concepts.

Also I’m shocked the Stanford encyclopaedia of philosophy hasn’t been mentioned:

https://plato.stanford.edu

I’ve heard from philosophy grads that if you just read this entire thing you’ve basically got a philosophy degree.

I really dig Philosophize This

Not as in-depth as reading books of course, but it’s very pleasant to listen to and you’ll get a rough overview of who’s who and can then go on to reading something referenced in the podcast that interests you.

You have already started, my friend

Don’t think PhilosophyTube has been mentioned. Abby’s great at taking complex topics and condensing them down to understandable discourse, and the videos are funny to boot. She used to do videos focused on philosophy but now applies that philosophy to popular subjects.

If you’re still not very knowledgeable, “Sophie’s World” by Jostein Gaarder is an awesome read. Don’t let the fact that it’s a novel fool you, it’s perfect to understand who’s who across philosophy’s history.

randomly reading different philosophical works won’t give me much in-depth knowledge.

I’d rate reading different philosophical works much higher than reading modern summaries of philosophical movements.

I’ve rarely found that the generalization of an ancient philosopher brings much into my life, but often found that a specific turn of phrase or idea in their actual writing has offered a great deal.

As for recommendations, my top recommendation is Plato’s The Apology which can be read in an afternoon and does a wonderful job in capturing the value of Socrates’ commitment to rejection of false positives and negatives while also contextualizing the depth of that commitment against social pressures.

After that I’d recommend Leucretius’s The Nature of Things mostly for the fact it’s the only extant work from antiquity to have effectively proposed evolution nearly two millennia before Darwin - a detail that’s frequently overlooked in the modern discussions of Epicureanism which tend to focus on its broader discussion of hedonism in the face of death.

I’d strongly recommend reading the philosophers themselves directly, sampling from each and continuing to read those that resonate with you, taking pearls of wisdom where you find them. And skip those you find insufferable to read.

Study it. Go to a university or community college. There are several offerings for adult education out there. This is ‘the best’ way to do it.

In case you don’t want that: Take another form of couse or read a book that is made specifically to teach about the subject or give a proper introduction.

Comments be like: start by reading the philosophy topics I like and I am biased towards

This is going to sound dead obvious, but I’d honestly recommend some Intro to Philosophy/Logic/Ethics books, e.g. Logic: A Very Short Introduction or The Logic Manual. I know you’re not necessarily looking at logic specifically, btw, but it’s one of the regular recommendations with philosophy more generally, especially if you branch out to other thinkers.

Also a somewhat common introductory text that I personally didn’t care for is Sophie’s World, which acts as a narrative historical overview of Western philosophy. If you want that sort of thing you may be just as well with a text like A Little History of Philosophy, which might be available via your library.

Finally, for ethics, you might look to Hornbook Ethics and/or Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? Besides A Little History of Philosophy, if memory serves all of these I’ve linked to have at one point or another been required texts for different philosophy and ethics courses depending on where one attends, so in reading these independently you’d basically be getting some intro level course education on the cheap.

Honestly though, I’d say reading the primary texts as you’re doing isn’t a terrible way to go about it, as that’s what many philosophy courses would have you do anyway. What I would recommend alongside that is the same as I’d recommend for any older text then, which is to read up on the historical context to get a better sense of what may have influenced their writing, how they were received by their peers and broader community (if they were noticed at all during their life), and develop your understanding from there.

Sorry if this is a bit much, but I hope it helps! Be sure to check your local libraries for any of these before buying them btw, as they may have hard copies available despite not having digital copies. Also remember that college/university libraries may be an option too, albeit likely more costly if they do offer a library card to borrow materials.

I’d probably start with Socrates-Plato-Aristotle. They weren’t the first, but they basically formed the framework through which we think about philosophy. As you look into specific ideas in that context, you’ll find references to people who disagreed with, reinforced, and transformed their ideas. That’s when I’d start going down rabbit holes one at a time based on interesting historical responses.

Start with a survey book or course. Do not start by diving directly into the primary literature.

As far as where to start - that’s really something that should be driven by your interests. You don’t need to start with the Greeks and work your way forward.

I’d say to start with an overview of modern philosophy. It will likely be more familiar to you in terms of the problems and the thinking patterns, and might apply more directly to problems you’re interested in. If you find something that you want to learn more about, turn towards “Intro to X,” and from there branch out into the individual philosophers and their works.

As a person that started by randomly reading different philosophical works, I’d actually start with general overviews. Like, you might be interested to know that the Tao Te Ching is a response to the strict rituals of Confucianism. Introduction to Classical Chinese Philosophy is an excellent book in this regard. It’s like putting all these different Chinese philosophies side by side, seeing how they grew out of each other, and you get to decide which you agree with and why.

I think the context is important because you get an idea of why they said what they said. The Tao Te Ching kinda seems like it’s own book, a unique ahistorical perspective of living. But, if you think that (as too many people do), then you don’t understand its limitations and its strengths. So, if you don’t know what problem Confucian rituals are trying to solve, then you won’t really understand why the Tao Te Ching eschews rituals in favor of “living in accordance with nature”. It’ll just sound like some hippy nonsense (which is, admittedly, very attractive on its own).

You might do the same for Stoicism, though I don’t know any resources like the above for stoicism.

WiseCrack is another good YT channel for that stuff. They mostly focus on philosophy as incorporated into media and pop culture, with some other stuff thrown in there.