Archaeologists in Denmark have found a small knife inscribed with runic letters dating back almost 2,000 years, the oldest trace of writing found in the country, the Museum Odense said on Tuesday. Runic letters, called runes, are the oldest alphabet known in Scandinavia.
They were in use from the first or second century AD in northern Europe until being replaced by the Latin alphabet amid christianisation in the 10th century.
“The knife itself is not remarkable but on the blade there are five runes — which is extraordinary in itself — but the age of the runes is even more extraordinary because they actually are the oldest we have from Denmark,” archaeologist Jakob Bonde told AFP. “We don’t have any writing before this.”
This is the best summary I could come up with:
Dating back to around 150 years AD, the iron knife was found in a grave in a small cemetery east of Odense, in central Denmark.
The five runic letters spell out the word “hirila,” which in the Proto-Norse language spoken at the time means “small sword.”
Bonde said “the person who owned it wanted to show he was, or wanted to be, some kind of warrior,” but in the museum’s Facebook post, it said archaeologists were unable to confirm whether the “small sword” label had referred specifically to the knife or its owner.
A small comb made of bone discovered in 1865 and inscribed with runes dates back to around the same period as the knife, Bonde said.
Denmark’s most famous runestones, erected in the 10th century in the town of Jelling, have longer inscriptions.
Strongly identified with the creation of Denmark as a nation state, they were raised by Harald Bluetooth, in honor of his parents King Gorm and Queen Thyra.
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