The 5th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals on Friday ruled that the Biden White House, top government health officials and the FBI likely violated the First Amendment by improperly influencing tech companies’ decisions to remove or suppress posts on covid-19 and elections.

The decision is largely a victory for conservatives who’ve long argued that social media platforms’ content moderation efforts restrict their free speech rights.

The judges’ decision modifies a lower court’s injunction, barring some government officials in the White House and FBI from coercing social media platforms to take down or otherwise limit posts on their website. The ruling, written by three judges appointed by Republican presidents, comes after the 5th Circuit temporarily blocked an order that had put wide ranging restrictions on the Biden administration’s communications with social media firms. That order had included a wider range of government agencies, including the departments of Health and Human Services, State and Homeland Security as well as the U.S. Census Bureau. The 5th Circuit removed them.

The judges wrote that the White House likely “coerced the platforms to make their moderation decisions by way of intimidating messages and threats of adverse consequences.” They also found the White House “significantly encouraged the platforms’ decisions by commandeering their decision-making processes, both in violation of the First Amendment.”

The decision is likely to have a wide-ranging impact on how the federal government communicates with the public about key public health issues and the 2024 elections.

The appeals court judges found that pressure from the White House and the CDC affected how social media platforms handled posts about covid-19 in 2021, as the Biden administration sought to encourage the public to obtain vaccinations.

The judges also zeroed in on the FBI’s communications with tech platforms in the run-up to the 2020 elections, which included regular meetings with the tech companies. The judges wrote that the FBI’s activities were “not limited to purely foreign threats," citing instances where the law enforcement agency “targeted” posts that originated inside the United States, including some that stated incorrect poll hours or mail-in voting procedures.

The Biden White House and the Justice Department did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Any appeal of the order could bring the debate over online speech before the Supreme Court, which is expected to take up conflicting appeals court rulings over state social media laws this year.

The decision limited the scope of the lower court’s injunction, which had applied to a wide swath of of officials across the administration. The new order applies only to the White House, the surgeon general, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the FBI.

The lower court’s order had specifically named leaders working at DHS, HHS and other agencies exempted by the 5th Circuit, and the judges on Friday said many of those individuals “were permissibly exercising government speech.”

“That distinction is important because the state-action doctrine is vitally important to our Nation’s operation — by distinguishing between the state and the People, it promotes ‘a robust sphere of individual liberty,’” the 5th Circuit judges wrote.