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dmesg is always fun though nowadays it requires root or sudo

other hot utilities that start with ls: lsblk lspci lsusb lsmod

or you can just cat random /proc or /sys files

I suppose if you want to read some logs and are running systemd you can journalctl

honorary mentions to hdparm, smartmontools, lm-sensors

There’s also dmidecode command that can parse BIOS info in shell it’s useful